{"id":3894,"date":"2026-10-27T19:11:32","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T19:11:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.echolution.com\/?page_id=3894"},"modified":"2026-10-27T19:53:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T19:53:59","slug":"tax-free-refund-index","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.echolution.com\/de\/tax-free-refund-index\/","title":{"rendered":"Tax-Free Refund Index"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Libre+Baskerville:wght@400;700&#038;family=Nunito+Sans:wght@400;600;700;800&#038;display=swap\">\n<style>\n.ti{\n--bg:#F2F5F5; --surface:#FFFFFF; --surface-2:#E5ECEC; --line:#D3DCDC;\n--fg:#2C4343; --muted:#4E5D66; --teal:#2C4343; --teal-ink:#FFFFFF; --focus:#338AA0; --gold:#CAA866; --gold-soft:#F0E6CD; --gold-text:#7A5A1E; --hl:#2C4343;\n--hero-bg:#2C4343; --hero-fg:#FFFFFF; --hero-muted:#A9BDBA; --btn-bg:#CAA866; --btn-fg:#2C4343;\n--good:#1B7A4B; --warn:#8A5A00; --bad:#A63A2B;\n--display:'Libre 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p{margin:0}\n.ti h2.ti-title{font-size:clamp(28px,4.6vw,40px);line-height:1.18;color:var(--hero-fg)}\n.ti select{height:auto!important;min-height:50px;line-height:1.4!important;padding:12px 38px 12px 12px!important;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:visible}\n.ti input[type=number]{height:auto!important;min-height:50px;line-height:1.4!important}\n.ti td.cty{white-space:nowrap}\n.ti td.cty small{white-space:nowrap}\n.ti th,.ti td{white-space:nowrap}\n.ti input[type=text]{width:100%;font:500 17px\/1.4 var(--body);color:var(--fg);background:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:12px;height:auto!important;min-height:50px}\n.ti input[type=text]:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--focus);outline-offset:2px}\n.ti button.btn{border:0;cursor:pointer}\n.ti .btn.sec{background:transparent;color:var(--fg);border:1px solid var(--line)}\n.ti .btn-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}\n.ti .trip-form{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:16px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}\n.ti .pl-item{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:4px 14px;padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);align-items:start}\n.ti .pl-item .num{text-align:right}\n.ti .pl-item small.rng{white-space:normal}\n.ti .pl-x{all:unset;cursor:pointer;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;text-decoration:underline;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-top:2px}\n.ti .pl-x:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--focus);outline-offset:2px}\n.ti .trip-result{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px;min-width:0}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"ti\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<header class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"headtext\">\n<span class=\"eyebrow\">Echolution \u00b7 Tax-free shopping<\/span>\n<h2 class=\"ti-title\">Tax-free refund calculator<\/h2>\n<p class=\"lede\">How much of the VAT on a purchase does a visiting shopper actually get back? Pick a country and a shelf price to see the estimated refund after refund-operator fees, then compare every market in the table.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"notice\"><b>Indicative estimates.<\/b> Refund figures are modelled from the leading refund providers&#8217; typical pricing. We are checking minimum spends and fees country by country and updating this page as we go. Last updated 27 October 2026.<\/div>\n<section class=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Refund calculator\">\n<div class=\"controls\">\n<div>\n<label for=\"ti-country\">Country of purchase<\/label>\n<select id=\"ti-country\"><\/select>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<label for=\"ti-price\">Shelf price, VAT included<\/label>\n<div class=\"price-row\">\n<span class=\"cur\" id=\"ti-cur\">EUR<\/span>\n<input id=\"ti-price\" type=\"number\" inputmode=\"decimal\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" value=\"500\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<span class=\"lbl\" id=\"ti-mlbl\">Refund method<\/span>\n<div class=\"seg\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"ti-mlbl\">\n<button type=\"button\" id=\"ti-m-card\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Card<\/button>\n<button type=\"button\" id=\"ti-m-cash\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Cash<\/button>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"hint\" id=\"ti-minhint\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"result\" id=\"ti-result\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px\" aria-label=\"Trip planner and shopping list\">\n<div><h2>Trip planner and shopping list<\/h2><p class=\"hint\" style=\"margin-top:4px\">Shopping in more than one country? Add each purchase as its own receipt. We work out the refund for each one, using that country&#8217;s VAT rate and minimum spend, and total it for your trip. Your list is saved in this browser only.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"panel\">\n<div class=\"controls\">\n<div><label for=\"ti-pl-cur\">Your currency<\/label><select id=\"ti-pl-cur\"><\/select><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"lbl\" id=\"ti-pl-mlbl\">Refund method<\/span><div class=\"seg\" role=\"group\" aria-labelledby=\"ti-pl-mlbl\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"ti-pl-card\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Card<\/button><button type=\"button\" id=\"ti-pl-cash\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Cash<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"trip-form\">\n<div><label for=\"ti-pl-name\">What are you buying? (optional)<\/label><input type=\"text\" id=\"ti-pl-name\" maxlength=\"60\" placeholder=\"e.g. Handbag, whisky, watch\"><\/div>\n<div><label for=\"ti-pl-country\">Bought in<\/label><select id=\"ti-pl-country\"><\/select><\/div>\n<div><label for=\"ti-pl-amt\">Receipt total, VAT included (<span id=\"ti-pl-sym\">EUR<\/span>)<\/label><input id=\"ti-pl-amt\" type=\"number\" inputmode=\"decimal\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" placeholder=\"0\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"btn-row\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn\" id=\"ti-pl-add\">Add to my list<\/button><\/div>\n<p class=\"hint\">Each line is treated as one receipt from one shop, because minimum spends usually apply per receipt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"trip-result\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<div id=\"ti-pl-total\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"ti-pl-list\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"btn-row\" id=\"ti-pl-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn sec\" id=\"ti-pl-copy\">Copy summary<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"btn sec\" id=\"ti-pl-clear\">Clear list<\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px\">\n<div class=\"tools\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;min-width:0\">\n<div><h2>Every market, ranked for your basket<\/h2><p class=\"hint\" style=\"margin-top:4px\">Enter a euro basket and see what comes back in each country. Select a row to load it into the calculator.<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"max-width:260px\"><label for=\"ti-basket\">Basket in euros<\/label>\n<div class=\"price-row\"><span class=\"cur\">EUR<\/span><input id=\"ti-basket\" type=\"number\" inputmode=\"decimal\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" value=\"500\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px\">\n<div class=\"chips\" id=\"ti-regions\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Filter by region\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tablewrap\">\n<table>\n<thead><tr id=\"ti-thead\"><th>Country<\/th><th class=\"num\">You get back<\/th><th class=\"num\">Net refund<\/th><th class=\"num\">Basket in local<\/th><th class=\"num\">Min spend<\/th><th>Confidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody id=\"ti-tbody\"><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"HR\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Croatia<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac80.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac72.50 \u2013 \u20ac87.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:90px\"><\/i><b>16.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"HU\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Hungary<small>EU \u00b7 HUF<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac75.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac67.50 \u2013 \u20ac82.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:84px\"><\/i><b>15.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">HUF&nbsp;183,302<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"FI\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Finland<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac74.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac66.50 \u2013 \u20ac81.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:83px\"><\/i><b>14.8%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"EE\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Estonia<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac72.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac65.00 \u2013 \u20ac80.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:82px\"><\/i><b>14.5%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"PL\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Poland<small>EU \u00b7 PLN<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac72.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac65.00 \u2013 \u20ac80.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:82px\"><\/i><b>14.5%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">PLN&nbsp;2,199.47<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"AR\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Argentina<small>LatAm \u00b7 ARS<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac70.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac62.50 \u2013 \u20ac77.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:79px\"><\/i><b>14.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">ARS&nbsp;856,282.27<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"IE\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Ireland<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac70.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac62.50 \u2013 \u20ac77.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:79px\"><\/i><b>14.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"NO\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Norway<small>Non-EU \u00b7 NOK<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac70.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac62.50 \u2013 \u20ac77.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:79px\"><\/i><b>14.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">NOK&nbsp;5,196.29<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"PT\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Portugal<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac70.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac62.50 \u2013 \u20ac77.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:79px\"><\/i><b>14.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"GR\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Greece<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac68.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac60.50 \u2013 \u20ac75.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:77px\"><\/i><b>13.6%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac50<\/td><td><span class=\"badge high\">high<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"SK\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Slovakia<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac66.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac59.00 \u2013 \u20ac74.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:75px\"><\/i><b>13.3%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"IT\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Italy<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac66.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac58.50 \u2013 \u20ac73.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:74px\"><\/i><b>13.2%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge high\">high<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"SI\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Slovenia<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac66.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac58.50 \u2013 \u20ac73.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:74px\"><\/i><b>13.2%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"CZ\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Czech Republic<small>EU \u00b7 CZK<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac65.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac57.50 \u2013 \u20ac72.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:73px\"><\/i><b>13.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">CZK&nbsp;12,166.41<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"DK\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Denmark<small>EU \u00b7 DKK<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac65.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac57.50 \u2013 \u20ac72.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:73px\"><\/i><b>13.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">DKK&nbsp;3,730.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac40<\/td><td><span class=\"badge high\">high<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"SE\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Sweden<small>EU \u00b7 SEK<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac65.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac57.50 \u2013 \u20ac72.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:73px\"><\/i><b>13.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">SEK&nbsp;5,538.18<\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac18<\/td><td><span class=\"badge high\">high<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"IS\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Iceland<small>Non-EU \u00b7 ISK<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac65.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac57.50 \u2013 \u20ac72.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:73px\"><\/i><b>13.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">ISK&nbsp;68,159<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"AT\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Austria<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac64.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac56.50 \u2013 \u20ac71.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:72px\"><\/i><b>12.8%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"BE\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Belgium<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac63.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac56.00 \u2013 \u20ac71.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:71px\"><\/i><b>12.7%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"LT\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Lithuania<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac63.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac56.00 \u2013 \u20ac71.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:71px\"><\/i><b>12.7%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac40<\/td><td><span class=\"badge high\">high<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"ES\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Spain<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac62.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac54.50 \u2013 \u20ac69.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:70px\"><\/i><b>12.4%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">None<\/td><td><span class=\"badge high\">high<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"LV\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Latvia<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac61.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac53.50 \u2013 \u20ac68.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:69px\"><\/i><b>12.2%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"FR\" class=\"sel\"><td class=\"cty\">France<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac60.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac52.50 \u2013 \u20ac67.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:68px\"><\/i><b>12.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"DE\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Germany<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac60.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac52.50 \u2013 \u20ac67.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:68px\"><\/i><b>12.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"NL\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Netherlands<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac60.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac52.50 \u2013 \u20ac67.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:68px\"><\/i><b>12.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"TR\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Turkey<small>Non-EU \u00b7 TRY<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac57.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac50.00 \u2013 \u20ac65.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:65px\"><\/i><b>11.5%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">TRY&nbsp;27,751.13<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"LU\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Luxembourg<small>EU \u00b7 EUR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac55.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac47.50 \u2013 \u20ac62.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:62px\"><\/i><b>11.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac500.00<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"ID\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Indonesia<small>APAC \u00b7 IDR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac49.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac42.00 \u2013 \u20ac57.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:56px\"><\/i><b>9.9%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">IDR&nbsp;10,041,762<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"AU\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Australia<small>APAC \u00b7 AUD<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac45.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac38.00 \u2013 \u20ac53.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:51px\"><\/i><b>9.1%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">A$792.16<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge high\">high<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"JP\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Japan<small>APAC \u00b7 JPY<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac45.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac38.00 \u2013 \u20ac53.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:51px\"><\/i><b>9.1%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">JP\u00a587,934<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge high\">high<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"MX\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Mexico<small>LatAm \u00b7 MXN<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac45.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac37.50 \u2013 \u20ac52.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:51px\"><\/i><b>9.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">MX$10,403.37<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"CN\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">China<small>APAC \u00b7 CNY<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac45.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac37.50 \u2013 \u20ac52.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:51px\"><\/i><b>9.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">CN\u00a53,698.81<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"SA\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Saudi Arabia<small>MEA \u00b7 SAR<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac40.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac32.50 \u2013 \u20ac47.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:45px\"><\/i><b>8.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">SAR&nbsp;2,089.74<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"KR\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">South Korea<small>APAC \u00b7 KRW<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac33.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac26.00 \u2013 \u20ac41.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:38px\"><\/i><b>6.7%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20a9737,989<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"SG\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Singapore<small>APAC \u00b7 SGD<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac30.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac22.50 \u2013 \u20ac37.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:34px\"><\/i><b>6.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">SGD&nbsp;713.17<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"CH\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Switzerland<small>Non-EU \u00b7 CHF<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac27.50<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac20.00 \u2013 \u20ac35.00<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:31px\"><\/i><b>5.5%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">CHF&nbsp;461.34<\/td><td class=\"num\">\u20ac310<\/td><td><span class=\"badge high\">high<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"TH\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Thailand<small>APAC \u00b7 THB<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac25.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac17.50 \u2013 \u20ac32.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:28px\"><\/i><b>5.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">THB&nbsp;18,779.40<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"AE\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">UAE<small>MEA \u00b7 AED<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac19.83<\/b><small class=\"rng\"><\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:22px\"><\/i><b>4.0%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">AED&nbsp;2,046.56<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge high\">high<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"TW\" class=\"\"><td class=\"cty\">Taiwan<small>APAC \u00b7 TWD<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><b>\u20ac19.00<\/b><small class=\"rng\">\u20ac11.50 \u2013 \u20ac26.50<\/small><\/td><td class=\"num\"><div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:21px\"><\/i><b>3.8%<\/b><\/div><\/td><td class=\"num\">NT$18,061.11<\/td><td class=\"num\">To confirm<\/td><td><span class=\"badge medium\">medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"cta\">\n<p>Reaching international travellers at the right moment, in the right market? Echolution is independent by design and follows the data, not a contract.<\/p>\n<a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.echolution.com\/contact-us\/\">Talk to Echolution<\/a>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"seo\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size:19px\">How tax-free shopping works for visitors<\/h2>\n<p>Visitors from outside a country (or outside the EU) can usually claim back the VAT on goods they take home unused. The shop issues a tax-free form, the form is stamped by customs on departure, and a refund provider pays the money back to a card or in cash.<\/p>\n<p>You never get all of the VAT back. The provider keeps a fee, which is why the refund is lower than the VAT shown on the receipt. Countries also set a minimum spend per receipt and a deadline for taking the goods out of the country.<\/p>\n<p>Use the calculator above for a single purchase, or enter a euro basket to compare what comes back in every market.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"faq\" aria-label=\"Frequently asked questions\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size:19px\">Tax-free shopping questions<\/h2>\n<div><h3>How much of the VAT can I claim back?<\/h3><p>Up to the VAT in the price, less the refund provider&#8217;s fee. In Europe the net refund is typically around 10% to 16% of the shelf price on our estimates, depending on the country&#8217;s VAT rate and the provider&#8217;s fees.<\/p><\/div>\n<div><h3>Is there a minimum spend?<\/h3><p>Most countries set one per receipt, and it varies widely. The table shows the minimum where we have confirmed it and marks the rest &#8220;To confirm&#8221;.<\/p><\/div>\n<div><h3>Who can claim?<\/h3><p>In most European countries, visitors who live outside the EU can claim. Rules differ by country, so check the eligibility line for each market.<\/p><\/div>\n<div><h3>How long do I have?<\/h3><p>It depends on the country. In much of the EU, goods must leave within three months after the month of purchase. Each market&#8217;s claim window is shown in the calculator.<\/p><\/div>\n<div><h3>Is a card refund better than cash?<\/h3><p>Card refunds are usually better. Cash payouts often carry an extra fee, which the calculator models as about 2 percentage points lower.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"method\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size:17px\">How the numbers work<\/h2>\n<p>VAT is the share of the shelf price that is tax: price \u00d7 rate \u00f7 (100 + rate). The refund provider keeps a fee out of that VAT, so what reaches the shopper is lower. Fees differ by provider, country and basket size and are not published in full, so net refund percentages are approximations based on analysis of the leading refund providers&#8217; pricing and the YouCalc 2026 index. Where a country&#8217;s rules have been checked directly the data confidence is shown as high.<\/p>\n<p>Results show a range of plus or minus 1.5 percentage points around the modelled figure. Cash refunds are taken as 2 points worse than card. The UAE uses its published scheme formula (87% of VAT less AED 3.60). Italy applies fixed fees on large purchases that this model does not capture. Estimates only: the actual fee is set by the provider at the point of refund.<\/p>\n<p>The ranked table converts your euro basket into each local currency at a snapshot of market rates (<span id=\"ti-fxasof\"><\/span>), then applies the same refund model. Rates move daily, so amounts are indicative. The Danish krone is held at its euro peg and the dirham is derived from the dollar peg.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@graph\": [{\"@type\": \"WebApplication\", \"name\": \"Tax-Free Refund Index\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.echolution.com\/tax-free-refund-index\/\", \"applicationCategory\": \"FinanceApplication\", \"operatingSystem\": \"Any\", \"description\": \"Estimate the tax-free shopping VAT refund in 39 countries and compare markets for a euro basket.\", \"dateModified\": \"2026-10-27\", \"publisher\": {\"@type\": \"Organization\", \"name\": \"Echolution\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.echolution.com\/\"}}, {\"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How much of the VAT can I claim back?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Up to the VAT in the price, less the refund provider's fee. In Europe the net refund is typically around 10% to 16% of the shelf price on our estimates.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is there a minimum spend for tax-free shopping?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Most countries set a minimum spend per receipt and it varies widely. The Tax-Free Refund Index shows it where confirmed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is a card refund better than cash?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Card refunds are usually better, because cash payouts often carry an extra fee.\"}}]}]}<\/script>\n<script>\nconst N='Non-EU resident',T='3 months + issuing month',C='Card preferred',Y='YouCalc 2026 index',NR='Non-resident';\nconst K=['country_code','country','region','currency','vat_rate_pct','known_min_spend_local','min_spend_eur_approx','est_net_refund_pct_price','implied_operator_fee_pct_vat','refund_method_notes','eligibility','time_limit','data_confidence','source_notes'];\nconst DATA = [\n['HR','Croatia','EU','EUR',25,null,null,16,20,'Card preferred; cash at airport desk','Non-EU resident; goods unused; export within 3 months',T,'medium','YouCalc 2026 index; Provider country pages not individually verified'],\n['HU','Hungary','EU','HUF',27,null,null,15,30,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['FI','Finland','EU','EUR',25.5,null,null,14.8,27,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['EE','Estonia','EU','EUR',24,null,null,14.5,25,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['PL','Poland','EU','PLN',23,null,null,14.5,22,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['PT','Portugal','EU','EUR',23,null,null,14,25,'Card preferred; cash fees higher',N,T,'medium',Y],\n['IE','Ireland','EU','EUR',23,null,null,14,25,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['NO','Norway','Non-EU','NOK',25,null,null,14,30,C,'Non-resident of Norway','1 month export; refund claim 1 year','medium','YouCalc 2026; Provider Norway page tiered fees reported by users'],\n['AR','Argentina','LatAm','ARS',21,null,null,14,20,C,'Non-resident tourist','Within 90 days','medium',Y],\n['GR','Greece','EU','EUR',24,50,50,13.6,30,C,'Non-EU resident (incl. UK)',T,'high','Provider Greece pages (min \u20ac50)'],\n['SK','Slovakia','EU','EUR',23,null,null,13.3,29,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['IT','Italy','EU','EUR',22,null,null,13.2,27,'Fixed fees apply on large purchases (\u20ac50-100 over \u20ac5k)',N,T,'high','YouCalc 2026; Provider addendum fixed-fee note'],\n['SI','Slovenia','EU','EUR',22,null,null,13.2,27,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['SE','Sweden','EU','SEK',25,200,18,13,35,C,'Non-EU resident (permit exceptions apply)',T,'high','Provider Sweden page (min 200 SEK)'],\n['DK','Denmark','EU','DKK',25,300.01,40,13,35,C,'Permanent resident outside EU incl. Greenland','Validation 3 months + issuing month; claim 1 yr','high','Provider Denmark page (min 300.01 DKK)'],\n['CZ','Czech Republic','EU','CZK',21,null,null,13,25,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['IS','Iceland','Non-EU','ISK',24,null,null,13,33,C,NR,'3 months','medium',Y],\n['AT','Austria','EU','EUR',20,null,null,12.8,23,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['BE','Belgium','EU','EUR',21,null,null,12.7,27,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['LT','Lithuania','EU','EUR',21,40,40,12.7,27,C,N,T,'high','Provider Lithuania page (min \u20ac40)'],\n['ES','Spain','EU','EUR',21,0,0,12.4,29,'No minimum spend; lower card fees reported',N,T,'high','Provider Spain page (no min); Provider fee reports'],\n['LV','Latvia','EU','EUR',21,null,null,12.2,30,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['FR','France','EU','EUR',20,null,null,12,28,'Card preferred; digital kiosks available',N,T,'medium',Y],\n['DE','Germany','EU','EUR',19,null,null,12,25,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['NL','Netherlands','EU','EUR',21,null,null,12,31,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['TR','Turkey','Non-EU','TRY',20,null,null,11.5,31,C,NR,'3 months','medium',Y],\n['LU','Luxembourg','EU','EUR',17,null,null,11,24,C,N,T,'medium',Y],\n['ID','Indonesia','APAC','IDR',11,null,null,9.9,0,'Government scheme; near-zero fee',NR,'Within 60 days','medium','YouCalc 2026; govt-administered'],\n['JP','Japan','APAC','JPY',10,null,null,9.1,0,'Government scheme; near-zero fee','Non-resident; temporary visitor','Same day \/ within 30 days','high','YouCalc 2026; JNTO rules'],\n['AU','Australia','APAC','AUD',10,null,null,9.1,0,'TRS government scheme; near-zero fee','Non-resident; within 60 days of purchase','60 days','high','YouCalc 2026; AU TRS'],\n['CN','China','APAC','CNY',13,null,null,9,22,C,'Non-resident; departure within 90 days','90 days','medium',Y],\n['MX','Mexico','LatAm','MXN',16,null,null,9,35,C,'Non-resident; departure by air','Within 90 days','medium',Y],\n['SA','Saudi Arabia','MEA','SAR',15,null,null,8,38,C,NR,'Within 90 days','medium',Y],\n['KR','South Korea','APAC','KRW',10,null,null,6.7,26,C,NR,'Within 3 months','medium',Y],\n['SG','Singapore','APAC','SGD',9,null,null,6,28,'Card preferred; eTRS available','Non-resident; departure by air\/sea','Within 2 months','medium',Y],\n['CH','Switzerland','Non-EU','CHF',8.1,300,310,5.5,27,C,'Permanent resident outside Switzerland','30 days','high','Provider Switzerland page (min 300 CHF)'],\n['TH','Thailand','APAC','THB',7,null,null,5,23,C,NR,'Within 60 days','medium',Y],\n['TW','Taiwan','APAC','TWD',5,null,null,3.8,21,C,'Non-resident; same-day purchase limit applies','Within 90 days','medium',Y],\n['AE','UAE','MEA','AED',5,null,null,4.3,13,'Scheme-administered; 87% of VAT minus AED 3.60 admin fee','Non-resident; export within 90 days','90 days','high','UAE scheme published fee structure']\n].map(a=>Object.fromEntries(K.map((k,i)=>[k,a[i]])));\nconst FX_ASOF='27 Oct 2026'; const FX={\"EUR\": 1, \"HUF\": 366.60455765, \"PLN\": 4.39893481, \"NOK\": 10.39257528, \"ARS\": 1712.56454685, \"SEK\": 11.07636811, \"DKK\": 7.46, \"CZK\": 24.33282846, \"ISK\": 136.31894717, \"TRY\": 55.50226243, \"IDR\": 20083.52392599, \"JPY\": 175.86767989, \"AUD\": 1.58431245, \"CNY\": 7.39761744, \"MXN\": 20.80673967, \"SAR\": 4.17948839, \"KRW\": 1475.97795413, \"SGD\": 1.42634632, \"CHF\": 0.92267844, \"THB\": 37.55879493, \"TWD\": 36.12221949, \"AED\": 4.09311, \"USD\": 1.11452781, \"GBP\": 0.83633347}; \/\/ units of currency per 1 EUR. DKK is pegged (7.46); AED derived from the SAR\/USD pegs.\nconst $ = (id) => document.getElementById(id);\nconst rows = DATA.slice().sort((a,b)=>a.country.localeCompare(b.country));\nconst byCode = Object.fromEntries(rows.map(r=>[r.country_code,r]));\nconst state = {code:'FR', method:'card', region:'All', sort:'refund_eur', dir:-1};\nfunction fmt(n,cur){\ntry{return new Intl.NumberFormat('en-GB',{style:'currency',currency:cur,maximumFractionDigits:cur==='JPY'||cur==='KRW'||cur==='IDR'||cur==='HUF'||cur==='ISK'?0:2}).format(n)}\ncatch(e){return cur+' '+n.toFixed(2)}\n}\nconst round2=n=>Math.round(n*100)\/100;\nfunction estimate(price,row,method){\nif(row.known_min_spend_local!=null && price<row.known_min_spend_local){\nreturn {eligible:false,reason:'Below the minimum spend of '+fmt(row.known_min_spend_local,row.currency)+'.'};\n}\nconst vat=price*(row.vat_rate_pct\/(100+row.vat_rate_pct));\nif(row.country_code==='AE'){\nconst net=Math.max(0,vat*0.87-3.6);\nreturn {eligible:true,vat:round2(vat),low:round2(net),high:round2(net),mid:net};\n}\nconst pen=method==='cash'?0.02:0;\nconst lo=Math.max(0,price*((row.est_net_refund_pct_price-1.5)\/100-pen));\nconst hi=Math.max(0,price*((row.est_net_refund_pct_price+1.5)\/100-pen));\nreturn {eligible:true,vat:round2(vat),low:round2(lo),high:round2(hi),mid:(lo+hi)\/2};\n}\nfunction renderCalc(){\nconst row=byCode[state.code], price=parseFloat($('ti-price').value);\n$('ti-cur').textContent=row.currency;\n$('ti-minhint').textContent=row.known_min_spend_local==null\n? 'Minimum spend not yet verified for this market, so it is not applied.'\n: (row.known_min_spend_local===0?'No minimum spend.':'Minimum spend: '+fmt(row.known_min_spend_local,row.currency)+(row.min_spend_eur_approx?' (about \u20ac'+row.min_spend_eur_approx+')':'')+'.');\nconst el=$('ti-result');\nconst facts=`<dl class=\"facts\">\n<div><dt>VAT rate<\/dt><dd>${row.vat_rate_pct}%<\/dd><\/div>\n<div><dt>Typical provider fee<\/dt><dd>${row.implied_operator_fee_pct_vat?'About '+row.implied_operator_fee_pct_vat+'% of VAT':'Near zero'}<\/dd><\/div>\n<div><dt>Claim window<\/dt><dd>${row.time_limit}<\/dd><\/div>\n<div><dt>Who qualifies<\/dt><dd>${row.eligibility}<\/dd><\/div>\n<div><dt>Refund method<\/dt><dd>${row.refund_method_notes}<\/dd><\/div>\n<div><dt>Data confidence<\/dt><dd><span class=\"badge ${row.data_confidence}\">${row.data_confidence}<\/span><\/dd><\/div>\n<div><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>${row.source_notes}<\/dd><\/div><\/dl>`;\nif(!(price>0)){el.innerHTML='<p class=\"hint\">Enter a shelf price to see the estimated refund.<\/p>'+facts;return}\nconst e=estimate(price,row,state.method);\nif(!e.eligible){el.innerHTML='<div class=\"notice\"><b>Not eligible.<\/b> '+e.reason+'<\/div>'+facts;return}\nconst exv=price-e.vat, net=e.mid, fee=Math.max(0,e.vat-net);\nconst p=(x)=>(x\/price*100).toFixed(2)+'%';\nconst same=e.low===e.high;\nel.innerHTML=`\n<div class=\"big\"><small>Estimated refund<\/small>${same?fmt(e.low,row.currency):fmt(e.low,row.currency)+' \u2013 '+fmt(e.high,row.currency)}<\/div>\n<div class=\"pct\">About ${(net\/price*100).toFixed(1)}% of the shelf price. VAT in the price: ${fmt(e.vat,row.currency)}.<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"bar\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Shelf price split into price before VAT, operator fee and net refund\">\n<span class=\"ex\" style=\"width:${p(exv)}\"><\/span><span class=\"fee\" style=\"width:${p(fee)}\"><\/span><span class=\"net\" style=\"width:${p(net)}\"><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\" style=\"margin-top:8px\">\n<span><i style=\"background:var(--surface-2);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--line)\"><\/i>Price before VAT <b>${fmt(exv,row.currency)}<\/b><\/span>\n<span><i style=\"background:var(--gold)\"><\/i>Provider fee <b>${fmt(fee,row.currency)}<\/b><\/span>\n<span><i style=\"background:var(--teal)\"><\/i>You get back <b>${fmt(net,row.currency)}<\/b><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n${state.method==='cash'&&row.country_code!=='AE'?'<div class=\"notice\">Cash refund shown 2 points lower than card.<\/div>':''}\n${row.data_confidence!=='high'?'<p class=\"hint\">Estimate only. Actual fee is set by the operator at the point of refund.<\/p>':''}\n${facts}`;\n}\nconst cols=[\n{k:'country',t:'Country'},\n{k:'refund_eur',t:'You get back',n:1},\n{k:'pct',t:'Net refund',n:1},\n{k:'local',t:'Basket in local',n:1},\n{k:'min_spend_eur_approx',t:'Min spend',n:1},\n{k:'data_confidence',t:'Confidence'}\n];\nconst eur=(n)=>new Intl.NumberFormat('en-GB',{style:'currency',currency:'EUR'}).format(n);\nfunction localAmount(code){\nconst basket=parseFloat($('ti-basket').value)||0, r=byCode[code], x=FX[r.currency];\nconst v=basket*x; return x>50?Math.round(v):round2(v);\n}\nfunction derive(r){\nconst basket=parseFloat($('ti-basket').value)||0, x=FX[r.currency], local=basket*x;\nconst e=basket>0?estimate(local,r,state.method):{eligible:true,low:0,high:0,mid:0};\nreturn {local, eligible:e.eligible, reason:e.reason,\nrefund_eur:e.eligible?e.mid\/x:-1, lo:e.eligible?e.low\/x:0, hi:e.eligible?e.high\/x:0,\npct:e.eligible&&local>0?e.mid\/local*100:-1};\n}\nfunction sortVal(r,k){\nif(k==='min_spend_eur_approx')return r[k]==null?-1:r[k];\nif(k==='local')return r._.local;\nif(k==='refund_eur'||k==='pct')return r._[k];\nreturn r[k];\n}\nfunction renderTable(){\nrows.forEach(r=>r._=derive(r));\n$('ti-thead').innerHTML=cols.map(c=>`<th class=\"${c.n?'num':''}\" ${state.sort===c.k?`aria-sort=\"${state.dir>0?'ascending':'descending'}\"`:''}><button type=\"button\" data-k=\"${c.k}\">${c.t}${state.sort===c.k?(state.dir>0?' \u25b2':' \u25bc'):''}<\/button><\/th>`).join('');\nlet list=rows.filter(r=>(state.region==='All'||r.region===state.region));\nlist.sort((a,b)=>{const x=sortVal(a,state.sort),y=sortVal(b,state.sort);return (typeof x==='string'?x.localeCompare(y):x-y)*state.dir});\nconst max=Math.max(...rows.map(r=>r.est_net_refund_pct_price));\n$('ti-tbody').innerHTML=list.map(r=>{\nconst d=r._;\nconst refund=d.eligible?`<b>${eur(d.refund_eur)}<\/b><small class=\"rng\">${d.lo===d.hi?'':eur(d.lo)+' \u2013 '+eur(d.hi)}<\/small>`:`<span class=\"below\">Below minimum<\/span>`;\nconst pct=d.eligible&&d.pct>=0?`<div class=\"mini\"><i style=\"width:${Math.round(d.pct\/max*90)}px\"><\/i><b>${d.pct.toFixed(1)}%<\/b><\/div>`:'\u2013';\nreturn `<tr tabindex=\"0\" data-c=\"${r.country_code}\" class=\"${r.country_code===state.code?'sel':''}${d.eligible?'':' off'}\">\n<td class=\"cty\">${r.country}<small>${r.region} \u00b7 ${r.currency}<\/small><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">${refund}<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">${pct}<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">${fmt(d.local,r.currency)}<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">${r.min_spend_eur_approx==null?'To confirm':(r.min_spend_eur_approx===0?'None':'\u20ac'+r.min_spend_eur_approx)}<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"badge ${r.data_confidence}\">${r.data_confidence}<\/span><\/td><\/tr>`}).join('');\n}\nfunction chips(id,items,key){\n$(id).innerHTML=items.map(v=>`<button type=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"${state[key]===v}\" data-v=\"${v}\">${v}<\/button>`).join('');\n}\nfunction renderChips(){\nchips('ti-regions',['All',...new Set(rows.map(r=>r.region))],'region');\n}\nfunction select(code){\nstate.code=code; $('ti-country').value=code; $('ti-price').value=localAmount(code); renderCalc(); renderTable();\n}\n$('ti-country').innerHTML=rows.map(r=>`<option value=\"${r.country_code}\">${r.country}<\/option>`).join('');\n$('ti-country').value=state.code;\n$('ti-country').addEventListener('change',e=>select(e.target.value));\n$('ti-price').addEventListener('input',renderCalc);\n$('ti-basket').addEventListener('input',renderTable);\nfor(const m of ['card','cash']) $('ti-m-'+m).addEventListener('click',()=>{\nstate.method=m; $('ti-m-card').setAttribute('aria-pressed',m==='card'); $('ti-m-cash').setAttribute('aria-pressed',m==='cash'); renderCalc(); renderTable();\n});\n$('ti-thead').addEventListener('click',e=>{\nconst b=e.target.closest('button'); if(!b)return;\nconst k=b.dataset.k; if(state.sort===k)state.dir*=-1; else{state.sort=k;state.dir=(k==='country'||k==='data_confidence')?1:-1}\nrenderTable();\n});\n$('ti-tbody').addEventListener('click',e=>{const tr=e.target.closest('tr'); if(tr){select(tr.dataset.c); $('ti-result').scrollIntoView({block:'nearest'})}});\n$('ti-tbody').addEventListener('keydown',e=>{if(e.key==='Enter'||e.key===' '){const tr=e.target.closest('tr'); if(tr){e.preventDefault();select(tr.dataset.c)}}});\n$('ti-regions').addEventListener('click',e=>{\nconst b=e.target.closest('button'); if(!b)return; state.region=b.dataset.v; renderChips(); renderTable();\n});\n\nconst PL={cur:'EUR',method:'card',items:[]};\nconst CURS={EUR:'Euro (EUR)',USD:'US dollar (USD)',GBP:'British pound (GBP)',CNY:'Chinese yuan \/ RMB (CNY)'};\nconst mon=(n,cu)=>new Intl.NumberFormat('en-GB',{style:'currency',currency:cu}).format(n);\nconst esc=s=>String(s).replace(\/[&<>\"]\/g,ch=>({'&':'&amp;','<':'&lt;','>':'&gt;','\"':'&quot;'}[ch]));\nfunction plLoad(){try{const s=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('ti-trip')||'null');if(s&&Array.isArray(s.items)){PL.items=s.items.filter(i=>byCode[i.c]&&i.e>0).slice(0,60);if(CURS[s.cur])PL.cur=s.cur;if(s.method==='cash')PL.method='cash'}}catch(e){}}\nfunction plSave(){try{localStorage.setItem('ti-trip',JSON.stringify({cur:PL.cur,method:PL.method,items:PL.items}))}catch(e){}}\nfunction plCalc(it){const r=byCode[it.c],x=FX[r.currency],d=FX[PL.cur];const e=estimate(it.e*x,r,PL.method);if(!e.eligible)return {ok:false};return {ok:true,lo:e.low\/x*d,hi:e.high\/x*d,mid:e.mid\/x*d}}\nfunction plRender(){\nconst d=FX[PL.cur],list=$('ti-pl-list'),tot=$('ti-pl-total');\n$('ti-pl-sym').textContent=PL.cur;$('ti-pl-cur').value=PL.cur;\n$('ti-pl-card').setAttribute('aria-pressed',PL.method==='card');$('ti-pl-cash').setAttribute('aria-pressed',PL.method==='cash');\n$('ti-pl-actions').style.display=PL.items.length?'flex':'none';\nif(!PL.items.length){list.innerHTML='';tot.innerHTML='<p class=\"hint\">Your list is empty. Add a purchase to see the refund for each receipt and the total for your trip.<\/p>';return}\nlet paid=0,lo=0,hi=0,mid=0,fails=0;const by={};\nlist.innerHTML=PL.items.map((it,i)=>{\nconst r=byCode[it.c],c=plCalc(it),p=it.e*d;paid+=p;\nconst g=by[r.country]||(by[r.country]={p:0,m:0});g.p+=p;\nlet rf;\nif(c.ok){lo+=c.lo;hi+=c.hi;mid+=c.mid;g.m+=c.mid;rf='<b>'+mon(c.mid,PL.cur)+'<\/b>'+(c.lo===c.hi?'':'<small class=\"rng\">'+mon(c.lo,PL.cur)+' \u2013 '+mon(c.hi,PL.cur)+'<\/small>')}\nelse{fails++;rf='<span class=\"below\">Below minimum, no refund<\/span>'}\nreturn '<div class=\"pl-item\"><div><b>'+esc(it.n||'Purchase')+'<\/b><small class=\"rng\">'+r.country+' \u00b7 '+mon(p,PL.cur)+'<\/small><\/div><div class=\"num\">'+rf+'<button type=\"button\" class=\"pl-x\" data-i=\"'+i+'\">Remove<\/button><\/div><\/div>'}).join('');\nconst ctry=Object.keys(by).map(k=>'<div><dt>'+k+'<\/dt><dd>'+mon(by[k].m,PL.cur)+' back on '+mon(by[k].p,PL.cur)+'<\/dd><\/div>').join('');\ntot.innerHTML='<div class=\"big\"><small>Estimated refund for your trip<\/small>'+mon(mid,PL.cur)+'<\/div><div class=\"pct\">Range '+mon(lo,PL.cur)+' \u2013 '+mon(hi,PL.cur)+'. 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Pick a country and a shelf price to see the estimated refund after refund-operator fees, then compare every market in the table. Indicative estimates. 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